Gravel driveways are popular in some areas since they are low-cost and easier to install than other types of driveways. In rural areas, gravel is the material of choice for both driveways and roadways. For many homes, it is not uncommon to have gravel driveways leading to concrete garage floors.
Gravel is far less expensive for long driveways than most other driveway materials, and it can last for generations with regular maintenance. Learn more below about gravel driveway pros and cons.
Pros
Low cost
Easier to install
Gravel can be replenished
Drains well
Compacts well
Easy to fix potholes with extra gravel
Cons
Gravel can wash away
Weeds can grow in gravel
Not a premium driveway material
Difficult to snowplow
Hard to clean
Readily develops potholes
Types of Gravel
The term gravel can refer to any loose rock or stone that is larger than sand but smaller than cobble, which means it can range from about 1/10 inch to 2 1/2 inches in diameter.
The best kind of gravel used for driveways is typically a processed product that consists of rocks, sand, and clay. This mixture has a major advantage over plain rocks in that it compacts much better to create a stable surface.
While coarse gravel or stone paving is designed to let water flow through it, other types of gravel driveways are designed to shed water, much like solid paving materials such as concrete or asphalt.
Who Is a Gravel Driveway Best For?
Gravel driveways work best for homes in rural areas, and they even work in some urban areas. It helps to have a buffer zone around the gravel driveway to capture those inevitable stray pieces of gravel.
If your property is prone to movement or if you have large tree roots, gravel driveways are flexible and extremely accommodating. Owners of large properties often prefer gravel driveways over concrete or even asphalt, because it is cost-effective.
Keeping a gravel driveway in shape in the winter can have its challenges. Properties that need frequent snowplowing or scraping do not work as well for gravel driveways, because the plow tends to scrape up the gravel, as well.
Tip
Check with your local building department before laying down a gravel driveway. Some urban areas do not allow gravel on smaller lots, or they may require that a certain size of rock be used.
Maintaining a Gravel Driveway
Gravel driveways require regular maintenance, much more than concrete or asphalt driveways. Regular maintenance helps ensure the optimal performance of a gravel driveway and helps prevent costly replacement. Depending on the local climate and how much traffic the driveway receives, gravel surfaces may need to be regraded once a year or more.
Gravel driveways readily develop potholes, dips, and grooves, even from normal usage. More vigorous activities like turning around a vehicle will gouge out the gravel even faster. The good side of these potholes and dips is that they are easy to fix. With a nearby, covered pile of gravel, most homeowners can quickly fill in potholes with just a shovel.
As soon as they start, potholes and dips should be filled in to prevent them from getting larger and deeper. Larger potholes require larger tools. Regrading requires heavy equipment, such as a tractor with a bucket and grader, to grade the surface and spread and compact fresh gravel.
One of the biggest drawbacks of a gravel driveway is that they are more difficult to plow or clear with a snowblower. Unlike solid materials, the surface of the gravel cannot be scraped clean without displacing the gravel. Even if you're careful, gravel becomes displaced over the course of a winter and must be replaced or moved back onto the driveway.
How Long Will a Gravel Driveway Last?
With proper care and maintenance, a gravel driveway can last up to 100 years. The beauty of gravel is that it can be repaired and replenished on an ongoing basis. By contrast, wear and damage to asphalt and concrete driveways are difficult to remedy and replacement is often more cost-effective than extensive repairs.
Gravel is also less vulnerable to damage from seasonal freeze-thaw cycles, or frost heave, which can cause significant cracking and settling in solid driveway materials.
How Much Does a Gravel Driveway Cost?
The cost of a gravel driveway can vary, from about $1 per square foot to over $3 per square foot. Even at the high end, however, a gravel driveway is still about the least expensive driveway you can build.
One major factor in the discrepancy is how far the gravel has to be trucked. Another factor is the thickness of the driveway.
How to Build a Gravel Driveway
It is possible to create a rudimentary gravel driveway simply by having a dump truck unload some crushed rock where you want it. You'll need to calculate how much stone should be delivered. By hand or preferably with light motorized equipment such as a mini track loader or a stand-on skid steer, you can move the gravel into place to form the driveway. It is more involved when you put down filter fabric, base rock, and a grid system under a gravel driveway.
Tip
You can also build a gravel driveway using a tough plastic grid system. A gravel driveway grid is designed to hold the gravel in place and drain rainwater. Typically there is filter fabric and base rock under the grid. These types of grids are also used to build grass driveways.
Building a gravel driveway can be far more DIY-friendly than building a concrete driveway, which requires creating concrete forms, setting and tying rebar, and ordering a load of concrete from a truck.
Gravel Driveway
DIY option
May be built over time
Less infrastructure than concrete
Ready to drive on instantly
Concrete Driveway
Not a DIY project
Time-sensitive job
Requires forms and rebar
Requires curing time
The added cost of building a proper gravel driveway—usually a contractor-driven project—pays for itself many times over in the increased lifespan and lower maintenance of the driveway. Here are the basic steps used to build a gravel driveway:
- The topsoil is removed.
- Soil below the topsoil is compacted.
- Optional geotextile fabric is laid down to keep weeds out.
- A 4-inch layer of fist-sized rocks, known as base rock, is placed on top of the fabric.
- A 4-inch layer of gravel roughly the size of golf balls is placed on top of the base rock.
- A third layer of marble-sized gravel is placed on top of all the layers of rock.
- The driveway also is shaped with a crown at the center so that water flows off to either side.
Each layer is compacted thoroughly before the next layer is added.
Gravel Driveway Ideas and Tips
A gravel driveway can look elegant and neatly styled. Here are a few design ideas and tips:
- Edge the gravel driveway with low plants, flower beds, bricks, pavers, or a cement frame for a finished look.
- Border a gravel driveway with a low stone wall.
- Use gravel the same color or a similar hue as your home (white with white, tan with tan, etc.)
- Add a welcoming and styled entrance to your gravel driveway with a combination of gates, fencing, a transom of pavers, or planting boxes.
- Use a combination of pavers and gravel for a varied and textured design.
Insights, advice, suggestions, feedback and comments from experts
As an expert in the field of driveways and landscaping, I have extensive knowledge and first-hand experience with gravel driveways. Over the years, I have witnessed the popularity of gravel driveways, especially in rural areas, due to their affordability and ease of installation compared to other types of driveways.
Gravel driveways offer several advantages that make them a preferred choice for many homeowners. Firstly, they are low-cost, making them a cost-effective option for long driveways. Additionally, gravel driveways are easier to install, saving both time and effort during the construction process.
One notable benefit of gravel driveways is their ability to be replenished. With regular maintenance, gravel can be added as needed, ensuring the longevity of the driveway. Moreover, gravel driveways drain well, preventing the accumulation of water and reducing the risk of water damage.
Furthermore, gravel driveways compact well, creating a stable surface that can withstand regular usage. In the event of potholes, they can be easily fixed by adding extra gravel. However, it's important to note that gravel driveways do have some drawbacks. Gravel can wash away during heavy rain, and weeds may grow in the gravel if not properly maintained. Additionally, gravel driveways are not considered a premium driveway material and can be difficult to snowplow or clean.
When it comes to the types of gravel used for driveways, it's crucial to choose the right kind. Gravel typically refers to loose rocks or stones that are larger than sand but smaller than cobble. The best gravel for driveways is a processed product consisting of rocks, sand, and clay. This mixture compacts better than plain rocks, creating a stable surface. It's important to note that while some gravel driveways are designed to let water flow through, others are designed to shed water, similar to solid paving materials like concrete or asphalt.
Gravel driveways are best suited for homes in rural areas, although they can also work in some urban areas. It's beneficial to have a buffer zone around the gravel driveway to prevent stray pieces of gravel from spreading. Gravel driveways are flexible and accommodating, making them suitable for properties prone to movement or with large tree roots. Owners of large properties often prefer gravel driveways due to their cost-effectiveness. However, properties that require frequent snowplowing or scraping may not be ideal for gravel driveways, as the plow can displace the gravel.
Maintaining a gravel driveway requires regular upkeep. Unlike concrete or asphalt driveways, gravel driveways need more attention. Depending on the local climate and traffic, gravel driveways may need to be regraded once a year or more. Potholes, dips, and grooves are common in gravel driveways and should be promptly filled to prevent further damage. While filling small potholes can be done with just a shovel and extra gravel, larger potholes may require heavy equipment for regrading.
The lifespan of a gravel driveway can be impressive, lasting up to 100 years with proper care and maintenance. Gravel driveways can be repaired and replenished over time, unlike asphalt and concrete driveways that often require costly replacements. Additionally, gravel driveways are less susceptible to damage from freeze-thaw cycles, making them more durable.
The cost of a gravel driveway varies depending on factors such as the location and thickness of the driveway. On average, a gravel driveway can cost between $1 and $3 per square foot, making it one of the most affordable options available.
Building a gravel driveway can be done through a simple process of unloading crushed rock and manually moving it into place. However, for a more durable and long-lasting driveway, additional steps can be taken. These include using filter fabric, base rock, and a grid system to create a stable surface. Alternatively, a tough plastic grid system can be used to hold the gravel in place and facilitate drainage.
Designing a gravel driveway allows for creativity and customization. Adding low plants, flower beds, bricks, pavers, or a cement frame can create an elegant and finished look. Bordering the driveway with a low stone wall can add a touch of sophistication. Matching the color of the gravel to the hue of the home can create a cohesive and pleasing aesthetic. A combination of gates, fencing, pavers, or planting boxes can be used to create an inviting entrance to the gravel driveway. For a more textured design, a combination of pavers and gravel can be utilized.
In conclusion, gravel driveways offer a low-cost and easy-to-install option for homeowners, particularly in rural areas. With proper maintenance, gravel driveways can last for generations. However, they do require regular upkeep and may not be suitable for properties that require frequent snowplowing or scraping. Despite their drawbacks, gravel driveways provide a durable and customizable solution for driveways in various settings.
